SIMPLE SENTENCE

KALIMAT BAHASA INGGRIS

Kalimat bahasa Inggris:

▪     simple sentence

▪     compound sentence

▪     complex sentence

▪     compound and complex sentence.

Sentence (= kalimat):

▪     serangkaian kata yang mempunyai subject dan predicate;

▪     serangkaian kata yang mempunyai arti yang lengkap.

Subject (= subyek): bagian kalimat yang menjadi pembicaraan.

Predicate (predikat): bagian kalimat yang mengungkapkan informasi tentang subyek.

SIMPLE SENTENCE

Simple sentence (= kalimat tunggal):

▪     kalimat yang mempunyai 1 subyek dan 1 predikat;

▪     serangkaian kata yang mempunyai arti yang lengkap.

Serangkaian kata yang tidak mempunyai subjek dan predikat serta tidak mempunyai arti yang lengkap disebut phrase (= frasa).

Simple sentence patterns (= pola pola kalimat tunggal): pola kalimat tunggal I, II, III, 1V, dan V.

POLA KALIMAT TUNGGAL I: Penggunaan Be sebagai Kata Kerja Penghubung ( Lingking Verb) antara Unsur Subyek dan

                                                          Pelengkap Subyek (Subjective Complement)

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal I dalam Kalimat Positif

+   Subject	Predicate
+   Unsur Subyek:	+   Be sebagai Kata Kerja Penghubung:	±   Unsur Pelengkap Subyek:	Unsur Adjunct (Kata / Frasa Keterangan):
▪  kata ganti orang:		▪  frasa sifat / kata sifat:
I	am	very tired (frasa sifat)	today.
(= Saya		sangat lelah (= lelah sekali)	hari ini)
He / She	is	late (kata sifat)	again.
		▪  keterangan tempat:
You / We / They / He and I	are	here / there / out	every Sunday.
▪  nama diri:		▪  frasa preposisi:
Jono	is	in trouble	now.
Jono and Joni	are	in Sleman (ket. tempat)	on Mondays.
		▪  numeral:
		17 (years old).	now.
▪  numeral:		▪  kata sifat:
One	is	enough.
Two	are
The first / The second	is	right / wrong.
▪  kata ganti penunjuk:		▪  nama diri:
This / That	is	Jono.
		▪  frasa preposisi:
		for you / me / him / her / us / them.
		▪  kata ganti milik:
These / Those	are	mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs.
▪  kata ganti milik:		▪  kata ganti penunjuk:
Mine / Yours	is	this / that.
▪  kata ganti tak tentu:		▪  kata sifat:
Everyone (= Everybody)	is	friendly	here.     there.
Everything	is	available
▪  kata benda (uncountable):		▪  kata ganti tak tentu:
Money	is	everything.
▪  kata benda (countable):		▪  kata sifat:
Goods / Services	are	useful.
▪  frasa benda:		▪  kata ganti milik:
This / That / The PC	is	mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs.
These / Those / The  PCs	are
My / Your / His / Her / Our / Their job	is	▪  to-infinitive:
		to fix computers.
		▪  gerund:
		fixing computers.
▪  to-infinitive:	is	▪  frasa benda:
To fix computers		my / your / his / her / our / their job.
▪  gerund:
Fixing computers
▪  kata benda / frasa benda:		▪  kata benda / frasa benda:
Computers (kata benda)	are	machines. (kata benda)
[= A computer (frasa benda)	is	a machine (frasa benda)]
		▪  kata ganti orang:
The manager (frasa benda)	is	he.
▪  kata ganti orang:		▪  frasa benda:
He	is	a / the / my / our manager.
They	are	computer programmers.

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal I dalam Kalimat Negatif

Subject Predicate   Unsur   Subyek Be sebagai Kata Kerja Penghubung   Unsur   Pelengkap   Subyek   I am not   greedy.   (= Saya tidak   serakah)   You are not   a computer operator.   (= Kamu bukan   operator komputer)   Jono   He   Ana   She is not (isn’t)   a computer programmer.   ambitious.   conceited.   guilty.   stingy.   We   Jono and Ana   They are not (aren’t)   sytems analysts.   mistaken.   obstinate.   selfish.

 

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal I dalam Kalimat Tanya Ya / Tidak

	Subject	Predicate
Be	Unsur subyek		Unsur Pelengkap Subyek	Kata / Frasa Keterangan	Jawaban Kalimat Tanya Ya / Tidak
Am	I		wrong?		Yes, you are /   No, you are not (aren’t)
(= Apakah	saya		salah?)		(= Ya) / (= Tidak)
Are	you		busy	today?	Yes, I am /   No, I am not.
	Jono and Ana   they		free	on Fridays?	Yes, they are / No, they are not (aren’t).
	their lecturers		absent   present	now?
	these / those PCs		powerful?
Is	Jono   he   Ana   she   their lecturer		from Sleman?   at home?   out?   in the office?   on time?		Yes, he is / No, he is not (isn’t).   Yes, she is / No, she is not (isn’t).
	this / that PC		expensive?		Yes, it is / No, it is not (isn’t).
	everybody		equal?		Yes, they are / No, they are not (aren’t).
	everything		easy?		Yes, it is / No, it is not (isn’t)

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal I dalam Kalimat Interogatif dengan Kata Tanya

 

▪     Kalimat Perintah dengan Infinitive tanpa to Kata Kerja Be

	Infinitive tanpa to Kata Kerja Penghubung Be Kata Sifat Be honest, please. (=Jujurlah) Be careful, please. Be frank, Be wise,

 

▪     Kalimat Larangan dengan Infinitive tanpa to Kata Kerja Be

	Kata Kerja Bantu Do dalam Bentuk Negatif Infinitive tanpa to Kata Kerja Penghubung Be Kata Sifat Don’t be afraid. (= Jangan takut) Don’t be crazy. Don’t be silly. Don’t be stubborn.

 

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal I dalam Kalimat Seru

 

▪     Penggunaan Kata Kerja Be dengan Introductory there

Predicate   +		Subject
+   There	+   Be	±   Unsur Subyek	Kata / Frasa Keterangan
There	is	a / one PC	in the room.
(= Ada		sebuah / satu PC	di ruangan itu)
There	are	two PCs	in the room.
There	is	somebody	inside.
Is	there	anybody	inside?
(= Apakah ada		seseorang	di dalam?)
There (There	is not (isn’t) is	anybody nobody	inside. inside)
(= Tidak ada seseorang di dalam)
There	are	some PCs	in the office.
Are	there	any PCs	in the office?
There	are not (aren’t)	any PCs	in the office.
There	are	a lot of PCs	there.
(= Ada Banyak PC di sana)
There	is	a lot of development	in their country now.

▪     Penggunaan Kata Kerja Be dengan Introductory There dalam Kalimat Interogatif dengan Kata Tanya

		there		many PCs	in the lab(oratory)?
	There	are not		many PCs	in the lab(oratory).

▪     Kata Sifat (= adjective) dan Preposisinya serta Contoh Penggunaannya

▪     absent from (= tak hadir dalam)

                Two employees are absent from work today.

▪     different from / distinct from (= berbeda dengan)

                A system is different from a method.

                Each type is distinct from all others.

▪     free from (= bebas dari)

                Nobody is free from money problems.

▪     immune from / against / to (= kebal terhadap)

                The children are immune from small pox as the result of vaccination.

▪     remote from (= terpencil dari)

                His office is remote from any town.

▪     safe from (= selamat dari)

                All (of) the workers are safe from the earthquake.

▪     separate from (= terpisah dari)

                The garage is separate from the office.

▪     good at (= cakap dalam)

                Quite a few (= cukup banyak) of the employers are good at English.

▪     present at (= hadir dalam)

                All the staff members are present at this meeting.

▪     anxious for / about / at (= harap harap cemas mengenai)

                He is anxious for / about her safety / at her non-arrival.

                anxious +  infinitive (= ingin sekali)

                The people are anxious to meet the president.

▪     eager for / eager +  to infinitive (= ingin sekali)

                 All the university students are eager for success / to succeed.

▪     eligible for (= memenuhi syarat untuk)

                He is eligible for a position in a society.

▪     enough for / sufficient for (= cukup untuk)

▪     Are their wages (= upah) enough for living costs?

▪     famous for (terkenal)

                Yogyakarta is famous for gudeg.

▪     fit for (= layak)

                That man is fit for the position.

▪     good for (= baik untuk)

                This book is good for you.

▪     grateful to (someone) for (something) (= berterima kasih kepada … atas …)

                We are grateful to you for your help.

▪     notorious for [= terkenal (karena sesuatu yang jelek)]

                He is notorious for his goings-on (= kelakuan yang tidak senonoh).

▪     responsible to (someone) for (something) (= bertanggung jawab kepada … atas …)

                She is responsible to the manager for the expenses.

▪     Safe for (= aman untuk)

                These toys are safe for small children.

▪     suitable for (= cocok untuk)

                These clothes are suitable for cold weather.

▪     deficient in (= kurang)

                She is deficient in courage.

▪     rich in (= kaya akan)

                That food is rich in protein.

▪     successful in (= berhasil dalam)

                He is successful in everything.

▪     angry with (someone) at / about (something)

                Are you angry with me?

▪     busy with / at / over (= sibuk dengan)

                He is busy with his work.

▪     commensurate with (= sepadan dengan)

                His job is not commensurate with his training.

▪     content with (= puas dengan)

                Are you content with your present salary?

▪     familiar with (= tidak asing lagi dengan / sudah biasa dengan / akrab dengan)

                I am familiar with the surrounding.

▪     generous with (= bermurah hati dengan)

                He is generous with his money.

▪     patient with (= sabar dengan)

                He is patient with his children.

▪     dependent on / upon (= tergantung pada)

                The man is dependent on his son’s earnings.

                Promotion is dependent upon your record of success.

▪     afraid of (= takut dengan)

                Are you afraid of them?

▪     aware of (= sadar akan)

                He is not aware of his mistake.

▪     beware of (= awas …!)

                Beware of the dog!

▪     careful of / with (= hati hati dengan)

                She is careful of her health.

                He is careful with his work.

▪     careless of (= ceroboh dengan)

                She is careless of her reputation.

▪     conscious of (= sadar akan)

                A healthy man is not conscious of his breathing.

▪     capable of (= mampu / cakap dalam)

                He is capable of any crime.

▪     cognizant of (= sadar akan)

                Are they cognizant of serious situation?

▪     desirous of (= ingin)

                They are desirous of better facilities.

                We are desirous of peace.

▪     devoid of (= sama sekali tanpa / tidak memiliki)

                He is devoid of humor / sense / shame.

▪     economical of / frugal of (= hemat)

                We are economical of time and energy.

▪     envious of (=iri dengan)

                I am not envious of his success.

▪     fearless of (= tidak takut dengan)

                They are fearless of the consequences.

▪     fond of (= gemar)

                Are you fond of Jazz music?

▪     forgetful of (= pelupa)

                She is forgetful of things.

▪     full of (= penuh dengan)

                The room is full of people.

▪     glad of (= gembira atas)

                I am glad of your success.

▪     guilty of (= bersalah dalam)

                Is he guilty of murder?

▪     hopeful of / about (= penuh harapan)

                We are hopeful of success.

▪     ignorant of (= dungu / bebal / tidak tahu tentang)

                They are ignorant of the possibilities.

▪     innocent of (= tidak bersalah dalam)

                She is innocent of the crime.

▪     jealous of (= cemburu dengan)

                Are you jealous of her?

▪     neglectful of / negligent of / in (= mengabaikan)

                The boys are neglectful of their appearance.

                He is negligent of his duty.

                She is negligent in her work.

▪     proud of (= bangga dengan)

                They are proud of their success.

▪     shy of / with (= malu)

                She is shy of strangers.

▪     sure of / about (= yakin mengenai / akan)

                Are you sure of that?

                Are you sure of his honesty?

                He is sure of himself.

▪     tolerant of (= toleran terhadap)

                I am tolerant of criticism and contradiction.

▪     void of (= tidak ada … nya / tak berisi)

                This proposal is void of reason.

▪     abhorrent to (= menjijikan)

                The murder is abhorrent to me.

▪     acceptable to (= dapat diterima)

                Is this proposal acceptable to him?

▪     adjacent to (= berbatasan dengan)

                Indonesia is adjacent to Malaysia.

▪     amenable to (= setuju dengan / menyetujui / menerima)

                Are you amenable to the conditions?

▪     applicable to (= dapat diterapkan dalam)

                Is this rule applicable to the case?

▪     appropriate to /  for (= cocok untuk)

                This dress is not appropriate for a formal wedding.

▪     attentive to (= penuh perhatian terhadap)

        They are attentive to their studies.

▪     averse to (= menolak / menentang)

        He is not averse to a drink.

▪     beneficial to / advantageous to (= bermanfaat / berfaedah untuk)

                Fresh air and good food are beneficial to the health.

        This program is beneficial to them.

▪     conducive to (= menghasilkan / mendatangkan)

        Exercise is conducive to good health.

▪     essential to (= penting sekali bagi)

                Is wealth essential to happiness?

▪     faithful to (= setia kepada)

        They are faithful to him.

▪     friendly to / with (= ramah dengan)

                She is friendly with everyone.

▪     generous to / with (= dermawan / bermurah hati dengan)

                He is generous with his money.

▪     ashamed of [= malu ( karena berbuat tidak selayaknya)]

                She is ashamed of herself.

▪     astonished at / by (= terkejut atas)

                They are astonished at the news.

▪     bored with / fed up with / tired of (= bosan dengan)

                I am bored with that lecture.

▪     burdened with (= terbebani)

                We are burdened with taxation.

▪     clothed in (= berpakaian)

▪     She is clothed in wool.

▪     committed to (= ikut serta dalam)

                He is committed to the peace movement.

▪     composed of (= terdiri atas / tersusun dari)

                This machine is composed of many parts.

▪     concerned about (=prihatin terhadap)

                We are concerned about her safety.

▪     disappointed in / at (something) with (somebody) (= kecewa dengan / terhadap)

                We are disappointed in our hopes.

                I am disappointed with you.

▪     embarrassed by / at [= malu (karena sesuatu yang tidak selayaknya)]

                Are you embarrassed by lack of money?

▪     gifted with (= berbakat dalam)

                She is gifted with rare talents.

▪     imbued with (= dikaruniai)

                He is imbued with special qualities.

▪     impressed by (= terkesan / kagum akan)

                I am impressed by his many talents.

▪     indebted to (someone) for (something) [= berhutang budi kepada (seseorang) atas (sesuatu)]

                I am indebted to you for your help.

▪     injurious to (= merugikan / berbahaya bagi)

                Those habits are injurious to health.

▪     loyal to (= setia kepada)

                They are loyal to their country.

▪     painful to (= menyakitkan)

                This duty is painful to me.

▪     pertinent to (= bersangkutan dengan)

                The question is not pertinent to the problem.

▪     preferable to (= lebih disukai)

                This is preferable to me.

▪     relevant to (= relevan dengan / ada sangkut paut dengan)

                The facts are not relevant to the case.

▪     repugnant to (= menjijikkan)

                That food is repugnant to me.

▪     similar to (= serupa dengan / mirip dengan)

                That is similar to mine.

▪     strange to (= tidak kenal / asing / aneh)

                This handwriting is strange to me. (= Saya tidak kenal tulisan tangan ini)

▪     subject to (= tunduk kepada)

                We are subject to our regulations.

▪     superior to (= lebih unggul daripada)

                That product is superior to this one.

▪     absorbed in (= asyik)

                He is absorbed in reading.

▪     acquainted with (=mengenal)

                I am not acquainted with him.

▪     accustomed to / used to (= terbiasa akan)

                They are accustomed to hardship.

▪     afflicted by [= menderita( penyakit)]

                He is afflicted by rheumatism.

▪     amazed at / by (= kagum akan)

                I am amazed at her ability.

▪     annoyed with (somebody) / at (something) / about (something) (= jengkel karena)

                Are you annoyed at his stupidity?

▪     interested in (= tertarik kepada)

                I am interested in his work.

▪     irritated by / with (= mendongkol karena)

                They are irritated by the delay.

▪     married to (= menikah dengan)

                She is married to an old man.

▪     occupied with (= sibuk dengan)

                He is occupied with his work.

▪     qualified for (= memenuhi syarat untuk)

                He is qualified for this post.

▪     related to (= masih ada hubungan famili dengan)

                She is related to me.

▪     satisfied / contented with (= puas dengan)

                Are you satisfied?

                I am contented with my present salary.

▪     shocked / surprised at (= terkejut)

                I am shocked at the news? (= Saya terkejut mendengar berita itu)

                I am surprised at you. (= Saya terkejut mengetahui tindakanmu)

▪     suited to / for (= cocok dengan)

                Is Western democracy suited to the nations of Asia?

▪     Both

        Both (of) the (two) PCs are expensive.

        Both of them are expensive.

▪     Neither

        Neither of the (two) laptops is cheap. (formal)

        Neither of the (two) laptops are cheap. (informal)

        Neither of them is cheap.

▪     Either

        Either of the (two) notebooks is powerful.

        Either of them is powerful.

 

        Most (= kebanyakan)

        Many (= banyak)

        More (= lebih banyak)

        Some (= beberapa)

       

of the students are successful.

Quite a few (= cukup banyak)

        Few (= sedikit)

        Quite few (= amat sedikit)

        Half (= separuh)

        Two (= dua)

        All (= semua)

        None (= tak satupun dari 3 atau lebih) of the students is successful. (formal)

        None (= tak satupun dari 3 atau lebih) of the students are successful. (informal)

 

       

of the students is successful.

One (= salah satu dari 3 atau lebih)

        Any (= yang mana pun)

        Each (= tiap-tiap)

 

        Most

        Much

        More

        Some

       

of the information is useful.

A little

        Little

        None

        Half

        Any

        All

POLA KALIMAT TUNGGAL II – V

Pola Kalimat Tunggal II

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal II dalam Kalimat Positif: Penggunaan Kata Kerja Penghubung selain Be (Sensory Verb)

	Predicate
	Kata Kerja Penghubung selain Be (Sensory Verb)	Unsur Pelengkap Subyek	Kata / Frasa Keterangan
I You We They Mr Jono and Mrs Ana The staff members	feel	happy	every day.
He She Mr Jono The manager	feels

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal II dalam Kalimat Negatif

Subject	Predicate
Unsur Subyek	Kata Kerja Penghubung selain Be (Sensory Verb)	Unsur Pelengkap Subyek
I You We They Mr Jono and Mrs Ana The staff members	do not (don’t) feel	happy.
He She Mr Jono The manager	does not (doesn’t) feel

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal II dalam Kalimat Interogatif Ya / Tidak

	Subject	Predicate
Kata Bantu Tanya Do / Does	Unsur Subyek	Kata Kerja Penghubung selain Be (Sensory Verb)	Unsur Pelengkap Subyek	Jawaban Kalimat Interogatif Ya / Tidak dari Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal II
Do (= Apakah)	you	feel	happy?	Yes, I do / No, I don’t.
	Mr Jono and Mrs Ana the staff members they	feel	happy?	Yes, they do / No, they don’t.
Does (= Apakah)	Mr Jono he	feel	happy?	Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t.
	Mrs Ana she	feel	happy?	Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t.
	the manager	feel	happy?	Yes, he / she does / No, he / she doesn’t.

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal II dalam Kalimat Interogatif dengan Kata Tanya

		Subject	Predicate
Kata Tanya	Kata Bantu Tanya Do / Does	Unsur Subyek	Kata Kerja Penghubung selain Be (Sensory Verb)	Kata / Frasa Keterangan
How	does	the manager	look	this morning?

▪     Put each of the verbs in the bracket into the correct form.

▪     Our national development (appear) [= nampak(nya)] successful.

▪     Either of the (two) PCs (look) [= kelihatan(nya)] like mine.

▪     Industrialization (seem) (= agaknya) possible on this island.

▪     This room (smell) (= berbau / baunya) pleasant.

▪     His ideas (sound) [= kedengaran(nya)] interesting.

▪     This chemical substance (taste) (= rasanya) sour.

▪     One of the men (become) (= menjadi) our manager in this company.

▪     Our national economy (get) (= menjadi) better and better?

▪     None of the oil companies (go) (= menjadi) bankrupt.

▪     Our people (grow) (= menjadi) more and more prosperous?

▪     Quite few of them (turn) (= berubah menjadi) creative.

▪     Any of the problems (prove) (= ternyata) very simple.

▪     All of the employees (keep)(= terus) active with their work.

▪     Prices (remain) (= tetap) stable.

▪     All of the customers (feel) (= merasa) satisfied with our services.

Pola Kalimat Tunggal III: Penggunaan Kata Kerja Intransitif (kki) (= Intransitive Verb)

▪     Kata kerja intransitif (= intransitive verb):

▪     kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan obyek;

▪     kata kerja yang tidak dapat dipasifkan.

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal III dalam Kalimat Positif

+   Subject	Predicate
+   Unsur Subyek	±   Kata Kerja Intransitif (kki) (= Intransitive Verb)	Kata / Frasa Keterangan
I You We They Jono and Ana The employees	work	1)   hard / industriously (keterangan cara) 2)   in a factory / here / there (Keterangan tempat) 3)   every day except Saturdays (keterangan waktu) 4)   from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. (keterangan waktu) 5)   because of / on account of / owing to (= karena) good pay. (keterangan alasan)         or 5)   (in order / so as) to (= agar / supaya) survive. (keterangan tujuan) (in order not / so as not) to be (= agar tidak / supaya tidak) dependent on others’ earnings. (keteragan tujuan)         or 5)   in spite of / despite / for all (= meskipun) the rain. (keterangan ‘concession’)
He She Jono The employee	works

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal III dalam Kalimat Negatif

Subject	Predicate
Unsur Subyek	Kata Kerja Intransitif (kki) (= Intransitive Verb)	Kata / Frasa Keterangan
I You We They Jono and Ana The men The women The ladies The people The committee	do not (don’t) work	here. there. on Saturdays (every Saturday).
The man Jono He The woman The lady Ana She The committee	does not (doesn’t) work

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal III dalam Kalimat Tanya Ya / Tidak

	Subject	Predicate
Kata Bantu Tanya	Unsur Subyek	Kata Kerja Intransitif (kki) (= Intransitive Verb)	Kata / Frasa Keterangan	Jawaban Kalimat Interogatif Ya / Tidak
Do (= Apakah)	you	work	on Saturdays?	Yes, I do / No, I do not (don’t)
	Jono and Ana the men the women the ladies the people the committee the police they	work	on Saturdays?	Yes, they do / No, they do not (don’t)
Does (= Apakah)	the policeman the man Jono he	work	on Saturdays?	Yes, he does / No, he does not (= doesn’t)
	the woman the lady Ana she	work	on Saturdays?	Yes, she does / No, she does not (= doesn’t)
	the committee	work	on Saturdays?	Yes, he / she does / No, he / she does not (= doesn’t)

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal III dalam Kalimat Tanya dengan Kata Tanya

		Subject	Predicate
Kata Tanya	Kata Bantu Tanya Do / Does	Unsur Subyek	Kata Kerja Intransitif (kki) (= Intransitive Verb)
Where	do	you they Jono and Ana the men the women the ladies the people	come from? live? stay? work?
	does	he she Jono the man the woman the lady

▪     Keterangan Cara (= Adverb of Manner)

▪     Keterangan cara:

▪     kata / frasa yang menerangkan kata kerja;

▪     menjawab pertanyaan ‘How …?’

▪     Bentuk keterangan cara: kata sifat + ly.

Contoh:

slow + ly = slowly (= dengan pelan / secara pelan / pelan);

angry + ly = angrily.

▪     Pengecualian:

good – well ( = baik); fast – fast (= cepat); hard – hard (= keras); early – early (= awal); late – late (= terlambat); far – far (= jauh); near – near (= dekat); close – close (= dekat); high – high (= tinggi); low – low (= rendah); much – much (= banyak / sangat); a little – a little [= sedikit ( dalam arti cukup)]; little – little [= sedikit (dalam arti kurang)]; by bus – by bus (= dengan bis).

▪     Catatan:

▪     Kata sifat tertentu di atas jika ditambah ly mempunyai arti lain:

hardly (= hampir tidak); lately (= akhir-akhir ini); nearly (= hampir); closely (erat); highly [= sangat / terlalu (dalam memuji)]; lowly (= rendahan).

▪     Dalam penggunaan keterangan cara much dalam kalimat positif ditambahhkan kata so / very / too di depannya.

▪     Contoh penggunaan keterangan cara:

▪     How does the old teacher speak?

He speaks (very) slowly.

 

▪     How does your business expand?

My business expands rapidly.

 

▪     How do the employees work?

They work hard.

 

▪     How do you go to (your) work?

I go to (my) work by bus.

 

▪     Catatan:

Keterangan cara tidak digunakan dengan kata sensory verb / special verb dalam pola kalimat tunggal II.

▪     Bandingkan:

They feel happy. (= Mereka merasa bahagia)

They live happily. (= Mereka hidup dengan bahagia)

▪     POLA KALIMAT TUNGGAL IV: Penggunaan Kata Kerja Transitif (kkt) (= Transitive Verb)

▪     Kata kerja transitif (= transitive verb):

▪     kata kerja yamg memmerlukan obyek;

▪     kata kerja yang dapat dipasifkan.

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal IV dalam Kalimat Positif (+) dan negatif (–)

Subject   +	Predicate
+   Unsur Subyek	++++++   Kata Kerja transitif (kkt) (= transitive Verb)	Unsur Obyek
I You We They Jono and Joni The students	(+) have (= mempunyai) (–) don’t (do not) have (= tidak mempunyai) (+) have got (= mempunyai) (British English) (–) haven’t (have not) got (= tidak mempunyai)	computers.
He She Jono The student	(+) has (= mempunyai) (–) doesn’t (does not) have (= tidak mempunyai) (+) has got (= mempunyai) (–) hasn’t (has not) got (= tidak mempunyai)

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal IV dalam Kalimat Tanya Ya / Tidak

	+   Subject	Predicate
Kata Bantu Tanya	+   Unsur Subyek	+   Kata Kerja transitif (kkt) (= transitive Verb)	Unsur Obyek
Do (= Apakah)	you they Jono and Joni the students	have (= mempunyai)	computers?
Does (= Apakah)	he she Jono the student

	+   Subject	Predicate
Kata Bantu Tanya	Unsur Subyek   +	+   Kata Kerja transitif (kkt) (= transitive Verb)	Unsur Obyek
Have (= Apakah)	you they Jono and Joni the students	got (= mempunyai) (British English)	computers?
Has (= Apakah)	he she Jono the student

▪     Penggunaan Pola Kalimat Tunggal IV dalam Kalimat Tanya dengan Kata Tanya

		+   Subject	Predicate
Kata Tanya	Kata Bantu Tanya	+   Unsur Subyek	Kata Kerja transitif (kkt) (= transitive Verb)
How many computers (= Berapa banyak komputer) What kind of computer (= Komputer jenis apa)	do	you they Jono and Joni the students	have (= punyai)?
	does	he she Jono the student

		Subject   +	Predicate
Kata Tanya	Kata Bantu Tanya	+   Unsur Subyek	Kata Kerja transitif (kkt) (= transitive Verb)
How many computers (= Berapa banyak komputer) What kind of computer (= Jenis komputer apa)	have	you they Jono and Joni the students	got (= punyai)? (= British English)
	has	he she Jono the student

▪     Penggunaan Kata Ganti (= Pronoun) sebagai Subyek dan Obyek

+   Subject	Predicate
+   Unsur Subyek	+   Kata Kerja transitif (kkt) (= transitive Verb)	Unsur Obyek
I		you.
You		me.
We	know	them.
They		us.
You and I		them
All of them		you and me.
All of us		them.
He	knows	her.
She		him.
He and I	know	her.
I	like	the cat.
It	likes	me.
We	like	it.
I	like	the cats.
They		me.
We		them.

▪     Contoh penggunaan pola kalimat tunggal IV lainnya:

1.     I visit some Internet sites regularly

2.     The employees use computers at work and at home.

3.     Some of them access the Internet with their laptops.

4.     The students use e-mail every day.

5.     Most of them write e-mail in English.

6.     One of them studies English with his own notebook.

7.     Joko accesses his e-mail twice a day.

8.     He sends fourteen e-mails a week.

9.     On the average (= rata-rata), he gets sixty e-mails a month.

10.  Perawan has a digital camera.

11.  She sends photos by e-mail.

12.  Servers handle mails.

13.  A server handles a mail.

14.  We offer a few products.

15.  People buy products.

16.  A product gives benefit and satisfaction.

17.  They develop new products.

18.  The workers require vacations.

19.  Firms face numerous decisions.

20.  All of you understand my / his / her / our / their problem.

▪     POLA KALIMAT TUNGGAL V: Penggunaan Kata Kerja Transitif (kkt) (= Transitive Verb) dengan Dua Obyek

▪     Kelompok A

Kata kerjanya mensyaratkan  obyek tak langsung (= indirect object) (IO) di depan dan obyek langsung (= direct object) (DO) di belakang.

▪     Obyek langsung (= direct object) (DO): obyek yang langsung dikenai kata kerjanya. Sebagai misal, jawaban pertanyaan Apa yang saya berikan …? merupakan obyek langsung dan cenderung berupa bukan mahluk hidup.

▪     Obyek tak langsung (= indirect object) (IO): obyek yang tidak langsung dikenai kata kerjanya. Sebagai misal, jawaban pertanyaan Kepada siapa saya memberikan …? merupakan obyek tak langsung dan cenderung berupa mahluk hidup.

+   Subject	Predicate
Unsur +   Subyek	Kata Kerja +   Transitif	Unsur Obyek +   Tak Langsung (= Indirect Object) (IO)	±   Unsur Obyek Langsung (= Direct Object) (DO)	Keterangan
They	ask	their instructor	a lot of questions	enthusiastically

▪     Kelompok B

Kata kerjanya mensyaratkan  obyek langsung (=direct object) (DO) di depan dan obyek tak langsung (= indirect object) (IO) di belakang.

+   Subject	Predicate
Unsur +   Subyek	Kata Kerja +   Transitif	Unsur Obyek +   Langsung (= Direct Object) (DO)	±   Unsur Obyek tak Langsung (= Indirect Object) (IO)	Keterangan
We	don’t announce	to   the schedule	them	now

▪     Catatan:

Bila obyek langsung (= direct object) (DO) berada di depan, dan obyek tak langsung (indirect object) (IO) di belakang, selalu terdapat kata depan / preposisi (= preposition) di antara kedua obyek tersebut sehingga obyek tak langsung (= indirect object) (IO) didahului oleh preposisi. Obyek tak langsung (indirect object) (IO), yang didahului preposisi, dapat juga disebut obyek berpreposisi (= prepositional object).

 

▪     Kelompok C

Kata kerjanya dapat diikuti dengan obyek langsung (=direct object) (DO) yang berada di depan dan obyek tak langsung

(= indirect object) (IO) di belakang, atau sebaliknya.

▪     Catatan:

Bila obyek langsung (= direct object) (DO) berada di depan dan obyek tak langsung (indirect object) (IO) di belakang, selalu terdapat kata depan / preposisi (= preposition) di antara kedua obyek tersebut sehingga obyek tak langsung (= indirect object) (IO) didahului oleh preposisi. Obyek tak langsung (indirect object) (IO), yang didahului preposisi, dapat juga disebut obyek berpreposisi (= prepositional object).

+   Subject	Predicate
Unsur +   Subyek	Kata Kerja +   Transitif	Unsur Obyek +   Tak Langsung (= Indirect Object) (IO)	±   Unsur Obyek Langsung (= Direct Object) (DO)	Keterangan
I	give	her	some money	once a week.

atau

+   Subject	Predicate
Unsur +   Subyek	Kata Kerja +   Transitif	Unsur Obyek +   Langsung (= Direct Object) (DO)	±   Unsur Obyek tak Langsung (= Indirect Object) (IO)	Keterangan
I	give	to   some money	her	once a week

▪     Contoh penggunaan pola kalimat tunggal V lainnya:

▪     Kelompok A:

▪     Save (= menghemat)

Computers save us time and energy.

▪     Charge (= meminta ongkos)

We charge them Rp 100,000 for this service.

▪     Cost (= menelan biaya)

Education costs us a lot of money.

▪     Kelompok B:

▪     Prove (= membuktikan)

He never proves his responsibility to us.

▪     Report (= melaporkan)

We always report the unpunctuality of the office workers to the Manager in the weekly meeting.

▪     Deliver (= menyampaikan)

We deliver your order to your house.

▪     Introduce(= memperkenalkan)

They often introduce new products to their customers.

▪     Borrow (= meminjam)

She rarely borrows money from the bank.

▪     Suggest (= menyarankan)

He often suggests new ideas to his manager.

▪     Kelompok C:

Gunakanlah pola kalimat tunggal V kelompok C untuk membuat kalimat sendiri dengan kata kerja berikut. Tiap-tiap kata kerja digunakan membuat dua kalimat yang sama dengan susunan obyek yang berbeda. Dalam kalimat yang pertama, IO di depan dan Do di belakang, dan dalam kalimat yang sama yang ke dua, DO di depan dan IO di belakang.

▪     Give (= memberi / kan)

▪     Bring (= membawa / kan)

▪     Buy (= membeli / kan)

▪     Get (= mengambil / kan)

▪     Lend (= meminjami / kan)

▪     Make (= membuat / kan)

▪     Send (= mengirim / kan)

▪     Show (= memperlihatkan)

▪     Sell (= menjual)

▪     Write (a letter) (= berkirim surat)